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Irregular verb

be

/biː/

Base
be
Past simple
was / were
Past participle
been

Usage

was goes with I/he/she/it and were goes with you/we/they; been is the participle used after have/has/had.

Meaning

  • to exist or describe a state

Example

They were ready for the test.

I was tired after the flight.

We have been friends since childhood.

Teaching note

Be is unusually flexible: its present forms change with the subject, its past forms are was and were, and its participle been follows have or has.

Common mistake

Do not use was after have: ‘She has was busy’ combines two different tense patterns.

Correction: Use ‘She was busy’ for a finished past state, or ‘She has been busy’ when the state connects to the present.

Learn when to use been and gone